06/27/08
QUESTION: Hi, Roger. Recently two of my young friends have raised questions about the creation story. One, a young lady, had been deeply hurt when another gal at a Casas evening group told her that if she didn’t believe in a literal 7 days, she might not even be a Christian! The other, a young guy science major whose father is a scientist and atheist, was beginning to question the whole “faith-thing,” since he can’t reconcile literal 7 days with scientific method. I know you’ve done some excellent teaching on this topic. I got copies of a couple of old sermons from Rhonda for my gal friend and suggested that the young man e-mail you, as his questions went pretty deep. I don’t know if you want to address something this controversial and divisive, but … since the elephant is in the room, I think maybe we (er, that would be you, as “we” doesn’t have the answers…) should talk about it. Glad you’re doing this. Can’t wait to have access to read it!!!
ANSWER: I will give you my own faith journey through this issue, but I also would encourage you to read the eloquent testimony of a scientist and beloved Christian man, Mark Marikos, who is a part of our church family. His comments follow my answer.
Since I almost lost my faith over this issue, I would gladly address your question. I grew up in a church which clearly taught Genesis one as proclaiming a literal-seven-day creation. Any other interpretation or perspective was a slap at the veracity of the Bible. Those not falling “into line” were considered outside the historic Christian Faith since they failed to “believe in the Bible”!
My spiritual and intellectual struggles in this area began near the end of my senior year in high school. After taking courses in biology, chemistry, physics, advanced physics, geometry, trigonometry and calculus, I came across the book World’s In Collision by the Russian physicist, Immanuel Velikovsky. Velikovsky’s premise that the ten plagues and the supernatural events of the Exodus could be verified by examining contemporary world events during the Exodus was fascinating. While most everyone would reject his causal explanation for the events of the Exodus, his concept of using the scientific method to verify Biblical truths deeply influenced me.
My faith struggles began several years later when I came across The Red Limit by Timothy Ferris. His overview of the universe from its beginning about 13.5 billion years ago to the present clashed with my Genesis understanding of a seven-day creation just 6,000 years ago. My search for reconciling truth began in earnest. My belief in God depended on it. Fifteen years later I finally found peace.
I studied materials from the Center for Scientific Creationism. I learned about the young-earth theories and the mature-earth creation conjectures. I considered the day-age ideas that attempted to reconcile the Hebrew word for day, “yom”, which also can refer to long ages with million-year-time spans.
Then, I decided that I must look at this from a scientific viewpoint as well. So, I started by getting conversationally comfortable with Einstein’s relativity theories, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, quantum theory, chaos theory and string theory (which provides a vibrational explanation for every subatomic particle in the universe). I studied ideas concerning multiple dimensions in our universe and how gravity might be explained by warps in “space time”, or perhaps by massive objects in worm holes, or maybe by otherwise undetectable parallel universes.
I wanted to know how the entire universe could come from a singularity and what was a singularity and how the inflation of the early universe paved the way for the formation of stars and galaxies. I wanted to know why the only elements in the early universe were hydrogen and helium—so, where did the other elements come from.
I bought a telescope to look for myself at various stars, nebula, stellar nurseries and galaxies in an effort to comprehend. I was fascinated by the six-critical-numerical constants that make our own earth and universe possible. A small variation in any one of them would have rendered the universe as we know it impossible.
Then I turned to anthropology and evolution to try to get a working understanding of just how long man may or may not have been on earth—and where he might or might not have come from (And, how does Adam fit into this? And, when did the dinosaurs live?) Next, it was time to delve into genetics and chromosomal studies.
After fifteen years I finally concluded three things. First, it seemed to me that the universe was much older than 6,000 years. Second, the Genesis one creation account might have other interpretations or perspectives besides a literal one. Finally, The Lord God Almighty accomplished an absolutely stellar work in making our universe and mankind!
(By the way, I wondered if I could be a man of integrity and still continue preaching while I was working out my doubts. I found my answer in Psalm 73 as Asaph himself also struggled with doubts. God told him to continue his ministry; however, he was to keep his mouth shut until he reconciled his questionings. I decided that I could take by faith that the Word of God is living and powerful, and if I proclaimed its truths and teachings the Bible was certainly capable of standing on its own two feet as it changed and enriched the lives of those who heard it. With solid integrity I decided that II could continue my pastoring as I struggled through.)
Unfortunately, I still failed to comprehend how the seven-day-Genesis creation story and what I observed in the natural world could be reconciled.
Then I came across the book, The Meaning of Creation, by Conrad Hyers. His explanation of the Genesis’ creation story was for me a completely satisfying reconciliation. As many Bible students and scientists have discovered, the simplest explanation is usually the correct one. Reconciling the Bible and science doesn’t get any simpler than Hyers’ analysis.
Hyers understands the Genesis creation story to be structured as Hebrew poetry. The language is prose—not poetry—but the structure used by Moses is most likely poetic.
Postulating that Genesis One may be written in a poetic structure does not mean that I question the truth or reliability of the Bible. I believe that the Bible is 100% God’s word and totally infallible. I believe that with all my heart.
I also believe that Genesis One was most likely written in a Hebrew poetic structure. This does not mean that I think that the Bible is not literally true. It means that I recognize that the Bible is filled with commonly used literary devices which the Biblical writers used to communicate truth. Before we go further I want to explain some of these devices. Then, when I describe what I think is the literally device Moses used, my thoughts may make more sense.
For example, much of the Bible is written in prose and understood as literally true just as it is written. The Bible is replete with narrative stories which I believe actually occurred as recorded. So, we interpret prose as prose.
The Bible also contains metaphors. A metaphor is a comparison not using the words “like” or “as.” For example, Jesus declared, “I am the door.” None of us believe that statement as literally true. He is not made out of wood. He used a metaphor to describe Himself as the way into eternal life. We understand metaphors as metaphors.
The Bible is filled with similes. A simile is a comparison using the words “like” or “as.” In the Olivet Discourse Jesus described the end times as follows: “As it was in the days of Noah, so shall the coming of the Son of Man be.” The end will not come with the days of Noah; however, the end will be like the days of Noah. So, we understand that similes are not literally true, but they use one thing to help make something else easier to understand. So, we interpret similes as similes.
An onomatopoeia is a literary device that uses a word that sounds like the meaning of the word itself. For example, when the Rich Young Ruler turned His back on Jesus, Jesus “looked upon him with compassion.” Compassion is translated from a Greek word that actually sounds like someone’s inner-most body parts being spilled out. Jesus’ insides did not literally pour out. But, we experience from that particular word an insight into Christ’s deep, emotional, heart-broken feelings of compassion for the young man who made the wrong choice. We interpret onomatopoeias as onomatopoeias.
Jesus often used Greek chiasms to teach truth. A chiasm is a Greek literary device used to invoke deep thought and consideration. Four clauses are arranged like an “X” in the rhyme scheme “abba.” For example, Jesus said in Matthew 7:6: "Do not give dogs what is sacred; do not throw your pearls to pigs. If you do, they may trample them under their feet, and then turn and tear you to pieces.” His statement is only understood by unraveling the chiasm. The first and fourth clauses go together as do the second and third. Now, His words make sense. Otherwise they seem like gibberish. We interpret chiasms as chiasms.
In the same way, we interpret poetry as poetry. For example, in Psalm 91:1-4 the Psalmist declares: “He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High will rest in the shadow of the Almighty. I will say of the LORD, ‘He is my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.…He will cover you with his feathers, and under his wings you will find refuge…’” Of course, God is a spirit. He does not have wings and feathers. This is a poet’s way of using word pictures to describe literal truth. In essence the Psalmist is giving us a picture experience of God’s love and care—like a mother hen gathers her chicks under her wings when threatened (remember similes?), so God brings protection and care to His children when they are threatened. We understand that poets paint pictures with words and interpret poetry accordingly.
As I examine Genesis one I see what I consider to be a Hebrew rhyming structure used to teach powerful truths about the creation.
Most English poetry rhymes words. For example, “hickory, dickory dock, the mouse ran up the clock.” Dock rhymes with clock. Hebrew poetry rhymes thoughts. The rhyming schemes vary but the rhyming thoughts are easily observed in Job, Psalms, Proverbs and Ecclesiastes.
I found reconciliation and peace regarding the seeming conflict between Science and the Bible when I understood what Moses wanted to express (the affirmation of God as creator of all things and the subjugation of the Egyptian “gods” to Him) and the manner by which he conveyed the truth (Hebrew poetical rhyming schemes). He wrote in Genesis 1:1-2: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.”
We could spend many hours analyzing and discussing the meanings, nuances and interpretations of these two verses. However, let’s make this quite simple.
In verse one Moses declared that God is the creator of all things! All true Christians can agree on this.
Now, notice that Moses also declared that the earth was formless and empty. Moses used this simple formless and empty outline to describe the creation—and proclaim the Lord Almighty as the God above all “gods.”
On day one God created Light and Darkness, day and night (1:3-5).
On day two God created and separated the Sky and Waters (1:6-8).
On day three God created dry Land and Vegetation (1:9-13).
On day four God created the Sun, Moon and Stars (1:10-19).
On day five God created Birds and Fish (1:20-24).
On day six God created Animals and Man (1:25-26).
On day seven God rested (2:2-3).
As recorded in verse two the earth was formless so God gave it some form. Once the earth had form, God was able to fill in the empty form. This was an accepted Hebrew poetical way of rhyming thoughts.
Day one rhymes with day four. On day one He formed light and darkness. He filled it on day four with the Sun, Moon and stars.
Day two rhymes with day five. On day two the Almighty formed sky and sea. On day five He filled the sky with birds and the waters with fish.
Day three rhymes with day six. On day three God formed dry land and vegetation. One day six He filled dry land and vegetation with animals and man.
The formless and empty of verse two rhymes with the forming and filling of verses 3-31.
Now, I really don’t think Moses was attempting to describe scientifically the timing nor the “hows” of creation. Remembered that Moses had just engineered the Exodus from Egypt. The people knew well the Egyptian gods and we know that many were struggling with leaving them behind. This struggle continued even to the days of Joshua a generation later (Joshua 24:14: "Now fear the LORD and serve him with all faithfulness. Throw away the gods your forefathers worshiped beyond the River and in Egypt,and serve the LORD.”).
The Egyptians worshipped gods of light and darkness; sea and sky; land and vegetation; sun, moon and stars, birds and fish; and animals and man. Even Pharaoh and his son were gods.
Now, think about it, on each of the six days of creation Moses knocked down one or more of the Egyptian gods. Moses declared that these Egyptian gods were not gods at all. Instead, they were creations of the one God who stands tall above all! In today’s vernacular Moses was thumbing his nose at the Egyptians by saying, “My God is better than your god! My God is better than your god! In fact, your gods are not gods at all! They are just creations of my God!”
This understanding of Genesis one reconciled for me the seeming conflict between the Bible and Science. As far as I am concerned, there is no conflict at all. My heart is at peace in this matter—finally.
The Bible is not trying to explain or be understood by Science and Science is not trying to explain or be explained by the Bible.
Now, let’s circle all the way back to the teachings of the church I grew up in and my initial struggles with the things I was taught. As far as I am concerned, no one needs to believe in a literal seven-day creation to be a Christian—neither should they be dismissed as not believing in the Bible. In the same way, those who choose to take the teachings of Genesis One as a literal account need not be ridiculed or dismissed either.
How we interpret Genesis One is never a test of faith according to the Bible. Three things really matter. First, we believe that Jesus is both 100% God and man (the inscrutable hypostatic union). Second, we believe that Jesus lived a sinless life so that He might die crucified in our place in order to pay the debt of sin we all have incurred. Third, we believe that Jesus was bodily resurrected from the grave as both a validation of His divine work and His present indwelling of those who choose to follow Him. These three beliefs are life changing. Jesus said, “By their fruit you shall know them.” Now we are experiencing the real tests of Bible believing, true followers of Jesus Christ.
My hope is not that every one reach the same conclusion as I. There is plenty of room for diversity and individual decision making. However, I am deeply concerned that we Christians don’t turn people away from Christ by making them think that they cannot follow Christ unless they believe in seven-literal-twenty-four-hour days of creation, six thousand years ago—when, from their perspective, everything in the universe seems to shout otherwise.
I hope that my journey might be of help to you and others. At least, here are some things you might consider as you are reconciling the Bible with Science—or not— in your own spiritual journey.
Love, Roger